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Several new South Asian nation-states were born as the British Raj ended in 1947. The Panjab of the Indus Valley civilization (3300-1300 BCE) and the Sikh Rulers (1710-1849) was annexed by the British in 1849 and partitioned by their Radcliffe line in 1947. Akalis have been representing the Sikh political consciousness since 1920.
After 75 years of the Partition:
Why are the significant sections of Panjabis and the Sikhs feeling estranged?
What are the historical, cultural, geopolitical, trade, and economic contexts and realities?
How can those mentioned above be addressed, given the current trends?
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Harinder Singh is the Senior Fellow at the Sikh Research Institute. He holds a BS in Aerospace Engineering from Wichita State University, an MS in Engineering Management from the University of Kansas, and an MPhil from Punjab University in the linguistics of the Guru Granth Sahib.
View profile ⟶Amandeep Sandhu was born in Rourkela, Odisha. He completed his Master’s in English Literature from the University of Hyderabad. He worked as a journalist and later as a technical writer.
View profile ⟶Tridivesh Singh Maini is a New Delhi-based Policy Analyst. He is associated with The Jindal School of International Affairs, OP Jindal Global University, Sonepat, Haryana.
View profile ⟶The Sikh Research Institute recognizes its ethical responsibility to promptly correct any factual small or large errors. Please get in touch with us via email to request a correction if you have identified a mistake.
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The essence of this composition is revealed in the stanza of rahau (Pause). In it, worldly accounting (entanglements) is described as useless.
Patti is a poetic form rooted in the Gurmukhi alphabet. Traditionally, students in Punjabi culture used a wooden tablet, called a patti, to practice writing letters.
Since 1984, in the aftermath of “Operation Blue Star” and the Sikh Genocide, many narratives have surfaced—graphic, heartbreaking, and deeply emotional. Yet, one crucial perspective often remains overlooked: the voices of the first responders.
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